Why in the vacuum there is cold, if there is radiation?

We have all asked why the astronauts when they are protected by the shade of our planet can withstand temperatures of -180c, but when they are facing the sun, the heat that support is 120c. Knowing that the vacuum is a thermal insulator, because for that there is thermal conduction is necessary a substance (by which produces neither cold nor heat), the heat of the sun is transmitted in a vacuum by radiation this radiation produces the 120c that the astronaut perceives. What substance produces the -180c in the astronauts, that it is not repulsed by the radiation from the sun? ,the only matter that can reach the low temperatures of space due to its low entropy, and due to its characteristic of light refraction, the sun's radiation affects little is the water crystals.

Introduction:

According to the theory of the big bang the universe was a hot plasma, and as the universe expanded it was cooling down, but this was called adiabatic cooling, which would mean that the cooling is due to a phase change, but this kind of phase was theoretical, because it is not known the characteristics of this phase change, but it is assumed that had to be similar to those we know as the condensation of vapor or the freezing of the water.

To thermal conduction need a substance, hence it is null in the vacuum ideal and very low in environments where a low vacuum has been practiced.

One of the best thermal insulators is a vacuum, in which heat is only transmitted by radiation, but due to the great difficulty in obtaining and maintaining conditions of vacuum is used in very few occasions.

To begin, we define that it is cold; from the latin frigĭdus, or rather lack of heat is defined according to the RAE as that body which has a temperature much lower than the ordinary environment. It is defined as an adjectival property of a body, without providing a definition of the noun. The cold, itself, is a low temperature (or the absence of a high temperature), being therefore a consequence of the heat, and not an independent phenomenon.

What is the temperature? It is a magnitude referring to the common notions of heat, cold, warm or lukewarm, measurable using a thermometer. In physics, is defined as a magnitude scale related to the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, defined by the zero of thermodynamics. More specifically, it is directly related to the part of the internal energy known as "kinetic energy", which is the energy associated with the movements of the particles in the system, is in a sense translational, rotational, or in the form of vibrations. The temperature is usually measured in degrees Celsius (°C), and also in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or with a unit of absolute temperature as is the Kelvin (K). The absolute zero (0 K) corresponds to where absolute zero is at minus 273.15 degrees celsius.

What temperature is the outer space?

For an astronaut to orbit around the Earth, the temperature can vary abruptly in a matter of seconds, depending on what is in front of the Sun or protected by the shade of our planet. In the latter case, the temperature can reach up to -180o C. However, if the astronaut is to face the sun king, the heat becomes unbearable, reaching 122 ºC. But as we move further away from the sun this temperature is decreasing, so theoretically the lowest temperature in space would be 0 ºK (-273.15 °C), when there is no type of energy.

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible theoretical. At this temperature the energy level of the internal system is the lowest possible, so that the particles, according to the classical mechanics, lack of movement;1 however, according to quantum mechanics, the absolute zero must have a residual energy, called zero point energy, and thus be able to fulfill the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. , The absolute zero serves as a starting point for both the scale of Kelvin as for the scale of Rankine.2

Well, 0 K (or what is the same, 0 R) correspond approximately to the temperature of -273.15 °C or -459.67 °F. 3

According to the third law of thermodynamics, absolute zero is a unattainable limit. The largest current cold only reaches the -273,144 °C. The reason for this is that the molecules of the camera, when you reach that temperature, do not have enough energy to make it descend further.

The entropy of an ideal crystal pure and perfect would be zero. If the atoms that make up do not form a perfect crystal, its entropy must be greater than zero, so the temperature is always higher than the absolute zero and the crystal always have imperfections induced by the movement of its atoms, need a movement that the compensated and, therefore, always taking a residual imperfection.

What are the crystals? Comes from the Greek word krystallos. Initially the name was coming of "kryos" that means cold,, alluding to the formation of the ice from water. Later the name change in connotation referring rather to the transparency, by what the Greeks gave the name "krystallos" quartz, initially believing that it was a variety of ice that is not licuaba to ambient temperature.

A material is a crystal if you have essentially a diffraction pattern sharp. The word essentially means that the greater part of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, in addition to the always-present the diffuse scattering.

The behavior of light in a crystal is primarily controlled by the crystal structure. In this sense the most important property of a crystal is the refractive index (n), which is determined with respect to the air.

(IOR) The index of refraction of a medium is a measure to know how much it reduces the speed of light (or other waves such as acoustic waves) within the medium.

In astrophysics and cosmology physics is called dark matter to the hypothetical matter that does not emit enough electromagnetic radiation to be detected with current technical means, but whose existence can be deduced from the gravitational effects it causes in visible matter, such as the stars or galaxies, as well as in the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background present in the universe.

Results;

If the vacuum is an insulator because it has no matter, and the Sun produces radiation, what matter produces the cold without seeming affect it, the radiation from the Sun? I will respond to this question saying, that the only matter that can reach the low temperatures of space due to its low entropy, and due to its characteristic of light refraction, the sun's radiation affects little is the water crystals.

In addition due to the fact that most of the universe presents low temperatures, it can be concluded that the subject matter composed of water crystals is a large percentage. Thus I can conclude that the missing mass in the universe is made up of water crystals, which also responds to the characteristics of the so-called dark matter, referring specifically to the characteristics of invisibility, anisotropy and effect of lens.

As conclusion I can say that cold in space is produced by the water crystals, because they are the only matter which by its characteristic can produce the low temperatures of space, and its characteristic of refraction of light, makes it perfect to avoid the heat by radiation, besides their high percentage in the universe and their characteristics lead us to another conclusion, which is the so-called dark matter.